Hot air ovens, also known as dry heat sterilizers, use high temperatures (typically 160-190°C) for extended periods to sterilize heat-stable medical instruments, particularly glass and metal items that may be damaged by moisture. The dry heat penetrates materials slowly, killing microorganisms through oxidation. While less common for routine sterilization than autoclaves, hot air ovens are valuable for items where moisture is detrimental or where steam cannot effectively penetrate.
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