Autoclaves, commonly known as steam sterilizers, are essential medical devices used to sterilize medical instruments, glassware, and other heat-resistant materials by subjecting them to high-pressure saturated steam. Operating at temperatures typically ranging from 121°C to 134°C, they effectively kill all forms of microbial life, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores. The principle involves steam penetrating porous materials and condensing on cooler surfaces, releasing latent heat that rapidly denatures proteins and kills microorganisms. Autoclaves are indispensable in hospitals, clinics, laboratories, and dental offices to ensure the sterility of instruments used in patient care, thereby preventing healthcare-associated infections. Their rigorous sterilization process is a cornerstone of infection control, safeguarding both patients and healthcare workers from the transmission of pathogens.